Italy’s immigration law governs the entry, residence, and employment of foreign nationals, outlining specific regulations for both EU and non-EU citizens. With recent legislative changes, the country aims to streamline legal pathways for foreign workers while tightening measures against irregular immigration. Here’s an overview of the key aspects of Italian immigration law.
Residency Registration
Foreign nationals planning to stay in Italy for more than three months must register their residency with the local municipality (comune). This requirement applies to both EU and non-EU citizens. Residency registration is essential for accessing public services and fulfilling tax obligations.
Visa Types in Italy
Italy offers various visa types depending on the purpose of the stay, including:
- Tourist Visas: For short-term visits.
- Family Reunification Visas: For foreign citizens wishing to join family members residing in Italy, subject to income and accommodation conditions.
- Work Visas: For individuals employed by an Italian company.
- Self-Employment or Investment Visas: For freelancers, entrepreneurs, or investors.
Family Reunification Rules
Foreign nationals can bring their family members to Italy through the family reunification visa. To qualify, applicants must demonstrate adequate income, suitable accommodation, and valid health insurance coverage.
Residence Permits
Upon legally entering Italy, foreign nationals can apply for a residence permit (permesso di soggiorno), which allows them to stay for an extended period. After five years of legal residence, individuals may apply for a permanent residence card (Carta di soggiorno), offering long-term stability and access to more public services.
Asylum and Refugee Protection
Italy provides protection for asylum seekers fleeing war, persecution, or violence. Those granted asylum receive a residence permit, granting them the right to live and work in the country.
Freelancer and Digital Nomad Visa
In March 2024, Italy officially launched its freelancer visa program, simplifying the process for remote workers. Previously, freelancers were required to obtain a certificate from the Migration Agency (Nulla osta), but this is no longer necessary. Now, self-employed individuals can directly apply for a digital nomad visa, making it easier for non-EU freelancers to reside and work in Italy.
183-Day Physical Presence Rule
Foreign nationals who spend more than 183 days in Italy within a calendar year are considered tax residents. This subjects them to Italian tax regulations, including the obligation to declare global income.
Conversion of Residence Permits
Italian immigration law allows foreign nationals to convert their residence permits into another type, provided they meet specific legal requirements. For example, a study permit can be converted into a work permit if the individual secures employment.
Immigration by Investment
Non-EU nationals interested in moving to Italy through investment can obtain a permanent residence permit. This permit can eventually lead to Italian citizenship, provided the individual meets the necessary residency and legal criteria.
Biometric Data Collection
As part of Italy’s security measures, biometric data collection is mandatory during consular interviews for individuals entering the country. This process helps verify identity and strengthens border security.
2024 Immigration Law Decree
In 2024, Italy introduced a new immigration law aimed at reducing irregular migration while expanding legal opportunities for non-EU workers. The decree simplifies procedures for foreign employees, making it easier for companies to hire non-EU nationals while reinforcing border control measures.
Italian immigration law offers diverse pathways for foreign nationals, whether through work, family reunification, or investment. The recent reforms reflect the country’s effort to balance attracting skilled professionals with managing migration challenges effectively.
